It has been estimated that each year 50,000 newborns born prematurely and underweight; and are candidates to have retinopathy of PREMATURITY (ROP).1 In the developing countries where we see most of the blind children, ROP is accused to be one of the essential causes of blindness.2 ROP and its consequences (impaired vision and blindness) could be prevented in most cases by an early ocular examination (before 9 weeks of infantile age) and prompt therapy by laser or cryopexy before the disease progresses to advanced stages (Stages 4 or 5), where therapy could be hardly successful. In this issue of Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology (IrJO) three important articles concerning ROP are presented. Since new steps in detection, treatment, and education of physicians and parents are being taken in our country, focusing on such subject seems essential.